Remyelination

Dr. Axel Petzold MD PhD FRCP FRCOphth FRCPath is a distinguished consultant neurologist with appointments at renowned institutions, including the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (UCLH NHNN) in Queen Square, London, Moorfields Eye Hospital (MEH) on City Road, London, and the prestigious Amsterdam University Medical Centre in The Netherlands. His extensive expertise encompasses clinical and research domains, with a particular focus on multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, neurodegeneration, and neuro-critical care. Dr. Petzold's research endeavors seamlessly bridge clinical studies and trials with cutting-edge imaging and biomarker investigations. His commitment to advancing the field is underscored by his prestigious fellowship memberships in the Royal College of Physicians (2019), Royal College of Ophthalmologists (2021), and Royal College of Pathology (2021). Throughout his illustrious career, Dr. Petzold has held key leadership positions, including Chair for Neuro-Ophthalmology in the European Reference Networks for Rare Diseases from 2016 to 2020. He has also been an instrumental figure on the Board of Directors for IMSVISUAL and serves as a Steering Committee member of the United Kingdom BioBank Eye and Vision Consortium. One of Dr. Petzold's notable achievements has been the establishment and oversight of integrated care pathways between Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCLH NHNN. These pathways cover a wide spectrum of conditions, including demyelinating diseases, dementia, autoimmune conditions, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and stroke. Dr. Petzold's scholarly impact is profound, with a robust publication record comprising 317 articles in peer-reviewed journals, including 105 as the first author. The cumulative impact factor of his work stands at an impressive 1938, and he maintains a noteworthy Google Scholar H-Index of 73. He has also contributed to the academic community by compiling two books, one monograph, and authoring 14 book chapters, including 10 as the first author. His dedication to the peer review process is evident through his extensive reviewer record, with 528 verified peer reviews accessible on the Web of Science (Researcher ID: C-1090-2009). Notably, Dr. Petzold has played a pivotal role in training visiting research fellows from abroad, with seven of them currently holding prestigious academic chairs in their home universities. Dr. Petzold's contributions extend beyond his academic achievements. He has been at the forefront of validation and quality control strategies and has played a crucial role in the development of frequently cited reporting guidelines. Additionally, his work with spectral domain optical coherence tomography has been instrumental in integrating this vital imaging technique into diverse research lines across multiple disciplines. Dr. Petzold's dedication to education and mentorship is exemplified through his supervision of PhD students and active participation in clinical trials. He continues to provide virtual clinical care in neuro-ophthalmology in Amsterdam, ensuring global access to his expertise. Clinically, Dr. Petzold's impact is far-reaching, as he has trained fellows from around the world in neuro-ophthalmology. His unique approach combines acute patient care at Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, with the highly specialised tertiary care offered at The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square. Dr. Axel Petzold's illustrious career and multidisciplinary contributions have significantly advanced our understanding of neurology and neuro-ophthalmology. His dedication to research, education, and clinical care continues to shape the landscape of these fields on a global scale

Neuro-Ophthalmic Implications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Related Infection and Vaccination

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a unique opportunity to study the effects of infection and vaccination on disease. The year 2020 was dominated by infection and its consequences. The year 2021 was dominated by vaccination and its consequences. It will still take several years for full maturation of databases required for robust epidemiological studies. Therefore, this review on the implications for neuro-ophthalmology draws on resources presently available including reported adverse reactions to vaccination. Illustrative clinical cases are presented.The spectrum of pathology following infection with SARS-CoV-2 falls into 4 main categories: autoimmune, vascular, sequelae of brain damage, and miscellaneous. This review is exhaustive, but the most common conditions discussed relate to headaches and associated symptoms; vertigo, diplopia, and nystagmus; vascular complications of the eye and brain; cranial nerve (mono-)neuropathies; photophobia, ocular discomfort, and optic neuritis. Of the 36 main adverse reactions reviewed, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is a novel complication requiring specific hematological management. Updated diagnostic criteria are summarized. It is relevant to remember taking a medication history because of side effects and to recognize the relevance of comorbidities. The clinical assessment can frequently be performed virtually. Consensus recommendations on telemedicine and the virtual assessment are summarized in a practical and compressed format.The review concludes with an epidemiological tetralogy to interrogate, in future studies, associations with (1) SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection, (2) SARS-CoV-2 worldwide vaccination, and (3) the possibility of a rebound effect of infections in the pandemic aftermath

Neuritis optica met speciale aandacht voor NMO-SD en MOG neuritis

Interactive, case based lecture at National Dutch trainees (SpR / AIOS) meeting

Ενημέρωση οπτικής νευρίτιδας

Update on Optic Neuriti

The role of the inner nuclear layer for perception of persisting tiling inside a monocular scotoma

We report two patients, one with and one without long-term persistent tiling inside an arcuate macular scotoma. In both cases, the scotoma was caused by a cilioretinal artery occlusion. Both patients were almost identical regarding the location and extent of the scotoma. In both cases, there was a comparable degree of atrophy on optical coherence tomography for the retinal nerve fibre, ganglion cell, and inner plexiform layers. The main difference was the preservation of the inner nuclear layer in the patient with persistent tiling. In this patient, optical coherence angiography demonstrates preserved perfusion of the superior vascular plexus, which was not the case in the patient with the negative scotoma who also had atrophy of the inner nuclear layer. Recreational use of cannabinoid enhanced the intensity of perceived tiling in the relative scotoma of the first patient. A review of the literature suggests that the persistent tiling described in our case is different to teichopsias of retinal or cerebral origin. These data suggest that persistent monocular tiling in a scotoma arises from retinal circuit activity that requires the preservation of the inner nuclear layer. Future research should investigate this functional–structural relationship in other diseases, including glaucoma